Nui nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe, e like me ka lumi maʻemaʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huahana mālama ola, ka meaʻai, nā lako lapaʻau, nā mīkini kikoʻī, nā kemika maikaʻi, nā mokulele, nā aerospace, a me nā huahana ʻoihana nukelea. ʻO kēia mau ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole e komo pū me ke unahi, nā kaʻina hana hana huahana, a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole nā pahuhopu kaohi like ʻole o nā mea haumia i loko o ke kaiapuni maʻemaʻe; ʻo kahi ʻelele maʻamau e manaʻo nui e kaohi i nā ʻāpana haumia ʻo ia ka lumi maʻemaʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uila, ka mea e kaohi nui i nā microorganism a me nā ʻāpana. ʻO kahi ʻelele maʻamau o ka pahuhopu he lumi maʻemaʻe no ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, nā hale hana maʻemaʻe ʻoihana uila kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā lumi maʻemaʻe nui loa no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaapuni hoʻohui, ʻaʻole pono e kaohi pono i nā ʻāpana nano-scale, akā e kaohi pono hoʻi i nā mea haumia kemika / nā mea haumia molekala i ka lewa.
Pili ka pae maʻemaʻe o ka ea o nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole i ke ʻano huahana a me kāna kaʻina hana. ʻO ka pae maʻemaʻe o kēia manawa e pono ai no ka lumi maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana uila ʻo IS03~8. Ua lako pū kekahi mau lumi maʻemaʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uila me nā lako hana hana huahana. Loaʻa i ka hāmeʻa micro-environment kahi pae maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka IS0 papa 1 a i ʻole ISO papa 2; ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hale hana maʻemaʻe no ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā mana he nui o ka "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" (GMP) a Kina no nā lāʻau sterile, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole sterile. Aia nā lula maopopo e pili ana i nā pae maʻemaʻe o ka lumi maʻemaʻe no nā hoʻomākaukau lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ka "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" o Kina i nā pae maʻemaʻe o ka ea i ʻehā pae: A, B, C, a me D. Ma muli o nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole he ʻokoʻa nā kaʻina hana a me ka hana huahana, nā unahi like ʻole, a me nā pae maʻemaʻe like ʻole. He paʻakikī loa ka ʻenehana ʻoihana, nā lako a me nā ʻōnaehana, ka ʻenehana paipu a me nā paipu, nā pono uila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i komo i ke kūkulu ʻenekinia. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kūkulu ʻenekinia o nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole.
No ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻike kūkulu ʻana o nā hale hana maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana uila no ka hana ʻana o nā mea uila a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila. ʻOkoʻa loa ka ʻike kūkulu ʻana o nā hale hana maʻemaʻe no ke kaʻina hana mua a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hana kaapuni hoʻohui. Inā he huahana microelectronic, ʻO ka ʻike kūkulu ʻenekinia o ka lumi maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka wafer kaapuni hoʻohui a me ka hana ʻana o nā panela LCD, ʻo ia hoʻi: (koe naʻe ka hale nui o ka hale hana, a pēlā aku) ka hoʻonaninani hale lumi maʻemaʻe, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau/hoʻopau a me ke kau ʻana o kāna hale mālama, ka hoʻolako wai a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka hale hoʻokahe (me ka wai hoʻoluʻu, ka wai ahi, ka wai maʻemaʻe/ʻōnaehana wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana, a pēlā aku), ke kau ʻana o ka hale hoʻolako kinoea (me ka ʻōnaehana kinoea nui, ka ʻōnaehana kinoea kūikawā, ka ʻōnaehana ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a pēlā aku), ke kau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolako kemika, ke kau ʻana o nā hale uila (me nā kaula uila, nā mea uila, a pēlā aku). Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā kumu kinoea o nā hale hoʻolako kinoea, nā hale kumu wai o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, a me ke ʻano a me ka paʻakikī o nā lako pili, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i nā hale hana maʻemaʻe, akā he mea maʻamau kā lākou paipu.
Hoʻolauna ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kau ʻana o nā hale hana hoʻomalu walaʻau, nā mea anti-micro haʻalulu, nā mea anti-static, a pēlā aku i loko o nā lumi maʻemaʻe. ʻO nā mea i kūkulu ʻia o nā hale hana maʻemaʻe no ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hoʻonaninani hale lumi maʻemaʻe, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kau ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ke kau ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau. , ke kau ʻana o nā lako wai a me nā pono hoʻokahe wai (me ka wai hoʻoluʻu, ka wai ahi, ka wai hoʻokahe hana, a pēlā aku), ke kau ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana lako kinoea (nā ʻōnaehana ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a pēlā aku), ke kau ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai, ke kau ʻana o nā pono uila, a pēlā aku.
Mai ka ʻike kūkulu ʻana o nā ʻano hale hana maʻemaʻe ʻelua i luna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua like like nā ʻike kūkulu a me ke kau ʻana o nā hale hana maʻemaʻe like ʻole. ʻOiai ke ʻano like o nā "inoa", ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka ʻike kūkulu ʻana i kekahi manawa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hoʻonaninani lumi maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻike hoʻonaninani, nā hale hana maʻemaʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana microelectronic e hoʻohana maʻamau i nā lumi maʻemaʻe ISO papa 5 mixed-flow, a ʻo ka papahele o ka lumi maʻemaʻe e lawe i kahi papahele i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia me nā lua ea hoʻihoʻi; Ma lalo o ka papahele i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia o ka papahele hana ʻo ia ka mezzanine loea haʻahaʻa, a ma luna o ke kaupaku i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ka mezzanine loea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka mezzanine loea kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he plenum hoʻolako ea, a hoʻohana ʻia ka mezzanine loea haʻahaʻa ma ke ʻano he plenum ea hoʻihoʻi; ʻAʻole e haumia ka ea a me ka ea hoʻolako e nā mea haumia. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe koi pae maʻemaʻe no ka mezzanine loea kiʻekiʻe/haʻahaʻa, pono e pena ʻia ka papahele a me nā paia o ka mezzanine loea kiʻekiʻe/haʻahaʻa e like me ka mea e pono ai, a ma ka mezzanine loea kiʻekiʻe/haʻahaʻa Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia ka interlayer loea me nā paipu wai like, nā paipu kinoea, nā paipu ea like ʻole, a me nā paipu wai like ʻole e like me nā pono hoʻolālā piping a me nā uwea (kaula) o kēlā me kēia ʻoihana.
No laila, he ʻokoʻa nā hoʻohana a i ʻole nā kumu kūkulu ʻana o nā ʻano lumi maʻemaʻe like ʻole, nā ʻano huahana like ʻole, a inā like nā ʻano huahana, aia nā ʻokoʻa i ke ana a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana/lako hana, a ʻokoʻa ka ʻike kūkulu ʻana o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. No laila, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kau ʻana o nā papahana lumi maʻemaʻe kikoʻī e like me nā koi o nā kiʻi hoʻolālā ʻenekinia, nā palapala a me nā koi ʻaelike ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu a me ka mea nona. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻokō pono ʻia nā ʻōlelo a me nā koi o nā kūlana a me nā kikoʻī pili. Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i nā palapala hoʻolālā ʻenekinia, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaʻina hana kūkulu kūpono, nā hoʻolālā a me nā kūlana maikaʻi kūkulu no nā papahana ʻenekinia maʻemaʻe kikoʻī, a pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā papahana lumi maʻemaʻe i hana ʻia i ka manawa kūpono a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-30-2023