ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻo kahi lumi maʻemaʻe kahi wahi i kāohi ʻia me kahi pae haʻahaʻa o nā mea haumia e like me ka lepo, nā microbes ea, nā ʻāpana aerosol, a me nā mahu kemika. I ka pololei, aia kahi lumi maʻemaʻe i kahi pae i kāohi ʻia o ka haumia i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka helu o nā ʻāpana no ka mika cubic ma kahi nui o ka ʻāpana i kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻO ka ea ambient ma waho i kahi kaiapuni kūlanakauhale maʻamau he 35,000,000 mau ʻāpana no ka mika cubic, 0.5 micron a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena, e kūlike ana me kahi lumi maʻemaʻe ISO 9 aia ma ka pae haʻahaʻa loa o nā kūlana lumi maʻemaʻe.
ʻIkepili o ka Lumi Maʻemaʻe
Hoʻohana ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe ma aneane nā ʻoihana āpau kahi e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaʻina hana. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ka nui a me ka paʻakikī, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hana semiconductor, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, biotech, nā mea lapaʻau a me nā ʻepekema ola, a me ka hana hana koʻikoʻi maʻamau i ka aerospace, optics, pūʻali koa a me ka ʻoihana ikehu.
ʻO kahi lumi maʻemaʻe kekahi wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi i hoʻolako ʻia ai e hōʻemi i ka haumia o nā particulate a kāohi i nā ʻano kaiapuni ʻē aʻe e like me ka mahana, ka makū a me ke kaomi. ʻO ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka kānana High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana he 0.3 micron a ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO ka ea a pau i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi lumi maʻemaʻe e hele ma o nā kānana HEPA, a i kekahi mau hihia kahi e pono ai ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA).
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia nā limahana i koho ʻia e hana i loko o nā lumi maʻemaʻe i ke kumumanaʻo kaohi haumia. Komo lākou a puka i waho o ka lumi maʻemaʻe ma o nā ea ea, nā ʻauʻau ea a/a i ʻole nā lumi ʻaʻahu, a pono lākou e ʻaʻahu i nā lole kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea haumia i hana maoli ʻia e ka ʻili a me ke kino.
Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lumi a i ʻole ka hana, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia ke kapa komo o nā limahana e like me nā ʻaʻahu lab a me nā ʻupena lauoho, a i ʻole e like me ka laulā e like me ke kāʻei piha ʻia i nā lole bunny he nui nā papa me nā mea hana hanu ponoʻī.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā lole lumi maʻemaʻe e pale aku i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea mai ke kino o ka mea ʻaʻahu a me ka haumia ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu nā lole lumi maʻemaʻe i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā loulou e pale aku i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni e nā limahana. Hiki i kēia ʻano haumia limahana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hana o ka huahana ma nā ʻoihana semiconductor a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi keʻa ma waena o nā limahana lapaʻau a me nā mea maʻi ma ka ʻoihana mālama ola kino no ka laʻana.
ʻO nā lole lumi maʻemaʻe e komo pū me nā kāmaʻa puki, nā kāmaʻa, nā ʻapena, nā uhi ʻumiʻumi, nā pāpale bouffant, nā uhi lole, nā pale maka, nā ʻaʻahu frocks/lab, nā ʻaʻahu komo, nā moena mīkina lima a me nā manamana lima, nā ʻupena lauoho, nā pāpale, nā lima lima a me nā uhi kāmaʻa. Pono ke ʻano o nā lole lumi maʻemaʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i nā kikoʻī o ka lumi maʻemaʻe a me nā huahana. ʻO nā lumi maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa e koi wale i nā kāmaʻa kūikawā me nā ʻaoʻao laumania loa ʻaʻole e hele i ka lepo a i ʻole ka lepo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e hana nā lalo kāmaʻa i nā pōpilikia paheʻe no ka mea ʻo ka palekana ke kumu mau. Pono pinepine ʻia kahi lole lumi maʻemaʻe no ke komo ʻana i kahi lumi maʻemaʻe. Hiki i nā lumi maʻemaʻe Papa 10,000 ke hoʻohana i nā smocks maʻalahi, nā uhi poʻo, a me nā booties. No nā lumi maʻemaʻe Papa 10, pono nā kaʻina hana akahele e komo ana i ka lole me kahi uhi zipped, nā kāmaʻa puki, nā mīkina lima a me ka uhi hanu piha.
Nā Kumumanaʻo o ke Kahe ʻana o ka Ea o ka Lumi Maʻemaʻe
Mālama nā lumi maʻemaʻe i ka ea ʻole particulate ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana HEPA a i ʻole ULPA e hoʻohana ana i nā loina kahe ea laminar a turbulent paha. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana kahe ea laminar, a i ʻole unidirectional, e kuhikuhi pololei i ka ea kānana i lalo i loko o kahi kahawai mau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kahe ea laminar ma 100% o ke kaupaku e mālama i ke kahe unidirectional mau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā pae hoʻohālikelike kahe laminar ma nā kikowaena hana lawe lima (LF hoods), a ua kauoha ʻia ma ISO-1 a hiki i ISO-4 mau lumi maʻemaʻe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
Hoʻopuni ka hoʻolālā lumi maʻemaʻe kūpono i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha ea holoʻokoʻa, me nā hoʻolako no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ea kūpono ma lalo. I loko o nā lumi kahe kū pololei, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ea paia haʻahaʻa a puni ka palena o ka ʻāpana. I nā noi kahe ākea, pono ia e hoʻohana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ea ma ka palena lalo o ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ea i kau ʻia ma ke kaupaku he mea kūʻē i ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana lumi maʻemaʻe kūpono.
Nā Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Lumi Maʻemaʻe
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe e ke ʻano o ka maʻemaʻe o ka ea. Ma ke Kūlana Pekelala 209 (A a D) o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ana ʻia ka helu o nā ʻāpana e like me a ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5µm i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea, a hoʻohana ʻia kēia helu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lumi maʻemaʻe. Ua ʻae ʻia hoʻi kēia inoa metric ma ka mana 209E hou loa o ke Kūlana. Hoʻohana ʻia ke Kūlana Pekelala 209E ma ka home. ʻO ke kūlana hou ʻo TC 209 mai ka International Standards Organization. Hoʻokaʻawale nā kūlana ʻelua i kahi lumi maʻemaʻe e ka helu o nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka ea o ka hale hana. Pono nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale lumi maʻemaʻe FS 209E a me ISO 14644-1 i nā ana helu kikoʻī a me nā helu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pae maʻemaʻe o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe a i ʻole kahi maʻemaʻe. Ma UK, hoʻohana ʻia ke Kūlana Pelekane 5295 e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lumi maʻemaʻe. Ke kokoke nei e pani ʻia kēia kūlana e BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe e like me ka helu a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana i ʻae ʻia no kēlā me kēia leo o ka ea. ʻO nā helu nui e like me "papa 100" a i ʻole "papa 1000" e pili ana iā FED_STD-209E, a hōʻike i ka helu o nā ʻāpana o ka nui 0.5 µm a ʻoi aku paha i ʻae ʻia no kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea. ʻAe pū ke kūlana i ka interpolation, no laila hiki ke wehewehe e like me "papa 2000."
Pili nā helu liʻiliʻi i nā kūlana ISO 14644-1, e kuhikuhi ana i ka logarithm decimal o ka helu o nā ʻāpana 0.1 µm a ʻoi aku paha i ʻae ʻia no ka mika cubic o ka ea. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻo kahi lumi maʻemaʻe papa 5 ISO he 105 = 100,000 mau ʻāpana no ka m³.
Manaʻo ʻo FS 209E a me ISO 14644-1 i nā pilina log-log ma waena o ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka nui o ka ʻāpana. No kēlā kumu, ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka nui o ka ʻāpana ʻole. ʻO ka ea o ka lumi maʻamau ma kahi o ka papa 1,000,000 a i ʻole ISO 9.
Nā Kūlana Lumi Maʻemaʻe ISO 14644-1
| Papa | Nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe loa/m3 | ʻO FED STD 209EElike | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Papa 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Papa 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Papa 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Papa 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Papa 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Papa 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Ea lumi | |||
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-29-2023