ʻO kahi lumi maʻemaʻe kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka hoʻomalu kaiapuni e hiki ke hoʻokele i nā mea e like me ka helu o nā ʻāpana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka mahana a me ka uila paʻa i ka lewa e hoʻokō i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe kikoʻī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lumi maʻemaʻe i nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe e like me semiconductors, electronics, pharmaceuticals, aviation, aerospace, a me biomedicine.
1. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lumi maʻemaʻe
Aia nā lumi maʻemaʻe i nā lumi maʻemaʻe ʻoihana a me nā lumi maʻemaʻe biological. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe me nā ʻōnaehana lumi maʻemaʻe, nā ʻōnaehana kaʻina hana lumi maʻemaʻe, a me nā ʻōnaehana mahele lua.
pae hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea
He kūlana pae no ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka palena ʻoi loa o nā ʻāpana i ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole like me ka nui o nā ʻāpana i manaʻo ʻia no ka nui o ka ea ma kahi maʻemaʻe. Ma ka home, hoʻāʻo ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe a ʻae ʻia i nā mokuʻāina ʻole, static, a me ka ikaika, e like me ka "Clean Room Design Specifications" a me "Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications".
Nā kūlana kumu maʻemaʻe
ʻO ka paʻa mau o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka pollution ke kumu kumu no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻamau i kekahi mau pae e like me nā mea e like me ke kaiapuni a me ka maʻemaʻe. Hoʻohana maʻamau nā kūlana honua a me nā kūlana ʻoihana kūloko kūloko. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae kaiapuni o nā lumi maʻemaʻe (nā wahi) i ka papa 100, 1,000, 10,000, a me 100,000.
2. Kūlana lumi maʻemaʻe
Papa 100 lumi maemae
He wahi ʻaneʻane lepo ʻole me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana i ka lewa. Maikaʻi nā lako o loko a ʻaʻahu nā limahana i nā lole maʻemaʻe ʻoihana no ka hana.
ʻO ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe: ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ma mua o 0.5µm i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea ma mua o 100, a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.1µm ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo i ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia cubic mika (≥0.5μm), ʻoiai he 350μm ka lepo.
Ka laulā o ka noi: Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻina hana me nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia nui, nā mea optical kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. Pono kēia mau māla e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā huahana i kahi lepo lepo ʻole e pale aku i ka hopena o nā ʻāpana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
Papa 1,000 lumi maemae
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lumi maʻemaʻe papa 100, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā ʻāpana i ka lewa, akā mau nō ia ma kahi haʻahaʻa. He kūpono ka hoʻolālā o loko a ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea hana.
Maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe: ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.5µm i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea ma ka papa 1000 lumi maʻemaʻe ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000, a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.1µm ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 10,000. ʻO ka maʻamau no kahi lumi maʻemaʻe papa 10,000 ʻo ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo i ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia mika cubic (≥0.5μm) he 350,000, a ʻo ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo ≥5μm he 2,000.
Ka laulā o ka noi: E pili ana i kekahi mau kaʻina me nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kaʻina hana o nā lens optical a me nā mea uila liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi maʻemaʻe e like me nā lumi maʻemaʻe o ka papa 100, pono e mālama ʻia kahi maʻemaʻe ea e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
Papa 10,000 lumi maemae
Hoʻonui hou ʻia ka nui o nā ʻāpana i ka lewa, akā hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o kekahi mau kaʻina me nā koi maʻemaʻe waena. Maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kaiapuni o loko, me nā kukui kūpono a me nā mea e hoʻomaha ai.
Maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe: ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ma mua o 0.5µm i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea ma mua o 10,000 mau ʻāpana, a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.1µm ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 100,000 mau ʻāpana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo i ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia mika cubic (≥0.5μm) he 3,500,000, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea lepo lepo ≥5μm he 60,000.
Ka laulā o ka noi: Pili i kekahi mau kaʻina hana me nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea, e like me nā kaʻina hana lāʻau a me nā meaʻai. Pono kēia mau māla e mālama i kahi haʻahaʻa microbial haʻahaʻa a me kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe, palekana a me ka paʻa o ka huahana.
Papa 100,000 lumi maemae
He ʻano nui ka helu o nā ʻāpana i ka lewa, akā hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia i loko o kahi ākea kūpono. Aia paha kekahi mau mea kōkua i loko o ka lumi e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe o ka ea, e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea, nā ʻohi lepo, etc.
Maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe: ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.5µm i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic o ka ea ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ma mua o 100,000 mau ʻāpana, a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻāpana lepo me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.1µm ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 1,000,000 mau ʻāpana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana lepo i ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia cubic mika (≥0.5μm) he 10,500,000, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea lepo lepo ≥5μm he 60,000.
Ka laulā o ka noi: E pili ana i kekahi mau kaʻina hana me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea, e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani, kekahi mau hana hana meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
3. Ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻenekinia lumi maʻemaʻe ma Kina
I kēia manawa, he liʻiliʻi nā hui ma ka ʻoihana lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina i ʻike i ka ʻenehana a loaʻa ka ikaika a me ka ʻike e hana i nā papahana nui, a he nui nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi ke alakaʻi i nā ʻoihana honua a me nā papahana lumi maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ke hōʻike nei ka ʻoihana i kahi ʻāina hoʻokūkū me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mākeke ʻenekinia lumi maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me kahi mākeke ʻenekinia lumi maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe, a ʻo nā ʻoihana like ʻole nā koi like ʻole no nā māka lumi maʻemaʻe. Pono e hui pū ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lumi maʻemaʻe me ka ʻoihana a me nā kaʻina hana kikoʻī o ka mea nona. No laila, i nā papahana ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe, ʻo nā ʻoihana wale nō me ka ʻenehana alakaʻi, ka ikaika ikaika, ka hana mōʻaukala kupaianaha a me ke kiʻi maikaʻi i hiki ke hana i nā papahana nui i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
Mai ka 1990s, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka mākeke, ua ulu mālie ka ʻoihana lumi maʻemaʻe holoʻokoʻa, ua kūpaʻa ka ʻenehana o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe, a ua komo ka mākeke i kahi wā makua. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana uila, ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana ʻike uila, e emi mālie ka noi no nā lumi maʻemaʻe ma nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a e hoʻololi ka mākeke ʻoihana ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe mai ke oʻo ʻana i ka emi ʻana.
Me ka hohonu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻoihana, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana uila mai nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i Asia a me nā ʻāina e kū nei; i ka manawa like, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pae hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina e kū mai ana, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā koi no ke olakino olakino a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai, a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka mākeke ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe honua i Asia. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokumu ka IC semiconductor, optoelectronics, a me nā ʻoihana photovoltaic i ka ʻoihana uila i kahi hui ʻoihana nui ma Asia, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Kina.
Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e nā uila uila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mākeke ʻenekinia lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina i ka mākeke honua mai 19,2% i 2010 a i 29,3% i 2018. I kēia manawa, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka mākeke ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina. Ma 2017, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina ma mua o 100 biliona yuan no ka manawa mua; i ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻea ka nui o ka mākeke lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina i 165.51 biliona yuan. Ua hōʻike ka pālākiō o koʻu ʻāina maʻemaʻe lumi ʻenekinia mākeke i ka hoʻonui linear i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia me ka honua, a ua hōʻike ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa i ka piʻi ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-term Goals for 2035" e nānā pono ana i nā ʻoihana e puka mai ana e like me ka ʻenehana ʻike hanauna hou, ka biotechnology, ka ikehu hou, nā mea hou, nā lako kiʻekiʻe, nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaiapuni, aerospace, nā lako kai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻenehana, a wikiwiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana e like me ka biomedicine, biological breeding, biomaterials, a me ka bioenergy. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ma luna e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka mākeke lumi maʻemaʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke lumi maʻemaʻe o Kina e manaʻo ʻia e hiki i 358.65 biliona yuan e 2026, a e hoʻokō i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 15.01% ma ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki mai 2016 a 2026.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-24-2025