ʻElua mau kumu nui o ka haumia i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe: nā ʻāpana a me nā microorganism, hiki ke hana ʻia e nā kumu kanaka a me ke kaiapuni, a i ʻole nā hana pili i ke kaʻina hana. ʻOiai nā hoʻoikaika maikaʻi loa, e komo mau ana ka haumia i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. ʻO nā mea lawe haumia maʻamau e komo pū me nā kino kanaka (nā ʻāpana, ka lauoho), nā kumu kaiapuni e like me ka lepo, ka uahi, ka noe a i ʻole nā lako (nā lako hana hoʻokolohua, nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe), a me nā ʻano holoi pono ʻole a me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka mea lawe haumia maʻamau ka poʻe. ʻOiai me nā lole paʻa loa a me nā kaʻina hana paʻa loa, ʻo nā mea lawelawe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻole ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa o ka haumia i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. ʻO nā limahana i hahai ʻole i nā alakaʻi o ka lumi maʻemaʻe he mea pilikia nui lākou. Inā hana hewa kekahi limahana a poina paha i kahi ʻanuʻu, e alakaʻi ia i ka haumia o ka lumi maʻemaʻe holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka ʻoihana ke hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe o ka lumi maʻemaʻe ma o ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka haumia.
ʻO nā kumu nui ʻē aʻe o ka haumia he mau mea hana a me nā lako. Inā holoi wale ʻia kahi kaʻa a i ʻole kahi mīkini ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka lumi maʻemaʻe, hiki ke lawe mai i nā microorganism. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole ʻike nā limahana e ʻōwili ana nā lako huila ma luna o nā ʻili haumia i ka wā e hoʻokuke ʻia ai i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. Hoʻāʻo mau ʻia nā ʻili (me nā papahele, nā paia, nā lako, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) no nā helu ola e hoʻohana ana i nā papa pili i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia me nā mea ulu e like me Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) a me Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). ʻO TSA kahi mea ulu i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka bacteria, a ʻo SDA kahi mea ulu i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻōpala a me nā hū. Hoʻomoʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo TSA a me SDA ma nā mahana like ʻole, me TSA i hōʻike ʻia i nā mahana ma ka pae 30-35˚C, ʻo ia ka mahana ulu kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā bacteria. ʻO ka pae 20-25˚C ka mea kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻōpala a me ka hū.
ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ka ea kahi kumu maʻamau o ka haumia i ka wā ma mua, akā ua hoʻopau loa nā ʻōnaehana HVAC lumi maʻemaʻe o kēia mau lā i ka haumia o ka ea. Hoʻomalu ʻia a nānā mau ʻia ka ea i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe (e laʻa, i kēlā me kēia lā, i kēlā me kēia pule, i kēlā me kēia hapaha) no ka helu ʻana o nā ʻāpana, nā helu kūpono, ka mahana, a me ka makū. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana HEPA e kāohi i ka helu ʻāpana i ka lewa a loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke kānana i nā ʻāpana a hiki i ka 0.2µm. Hoʻomau mau ʻia kēia mau kānana i ka holo ʻana ma kahi kahe kahe i hoʻoponopono ʻia e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka ea i loko o ka lumi. Mālama pinepine ʻia ka makū ma kahi haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā microorganism e like me ka bacteria a me ka mold e makemake i nā wahi makū.
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke kumu maʻamau o ka haumia i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe ka mea hoʻohana.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā kumu a me nā ala komo o ka haumia mai kēlā ʻoihana a i kēia ʻoihana, akā aia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻoihana e pili ana i nā pae haumia hiki ke ʻae ʻia a me nā pae haumia hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole pono nā mea hana o nā papa hiki ke ʻai ʻia e mālama i ka pae like o ka maʻemaʻe e like me nā mea hana o nā mea injectable i hoʻokomo pololei ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomanawanui o nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau no ka haumia microbial ma mua o nā mea hana uila ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hana semiconductor e hana ana i nā huahana microscopic ke ʻae i kekahi haumia particulate e hōʻoia i ka hana o ka huahana. No laila, ke hopohopo nei kēia mau ʻoihana e pili ana i ka sterility o ka huahana e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka a me ka hana o ka chip a i ʻole ke kelepona paʻalima. ʻAʻole lākou hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka mold, fungus a i ʻole nā ʻano haumia microbial ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hopohopo nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā kumu haumia ola a make.
Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e ka FDA a pono e hahai pono i nā lula Hana Hana Maikaʻi (GMP) no ka mea he mea ʻino loa nā hopena o ka haumia i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻole wale nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻoia i ka ʻole o ka bacteria i kā lākou huahana, pono nō hoʻi lākou e loaʻa nā palapala a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea āpau. Hiki i kahi ʻoihana lako ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻouna i kahi kamepiula lawe lima a i ʻole TV inā hala ia i kāna loiloi kūloko. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻalahi no ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui i kahi ʻoihana ke loaʻa, hoʻohana a hoʻopaʻa i nā kaʻina hana lumi maʻemaʻe. Ma muli o nā noʻonoʻo kumukūʻai, hoʻolimalima nā ʻoihana he nui i nā lawelawe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana waho e hana i nā lawelawe hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Pono e hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā ʻāpana lewa ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi papahana hoʻāʻo kaiapuni piha o ka lumi maʻemaʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe koi e ʻike ʻia nā mea haumia āpau i loko o kēia mau wahi i kāohi ʻia e nā microorganism. Pono e hoʻokomo pū ka papahana hoʻomalu kaiapuni i kahi pae kūpono o ka ʻike bacteria o nā unuhi laʻana. Nui nā ʻano ʻike bacteria i loaʻa i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka hana mua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka bacteria, ʻoiai i ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lumi maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia ke ʻano Gram stain, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona wehewehe i ke kumu o ka haumia microbial. Inā hōʻike ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka microbial i ka cocci Gram-positive, ua hele mai paha ka haumia mai nā kānaka. Inā hōʻike ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka microbial i nā koʻokoʻo Gram-positive, ua hele mai paha ka haumia mai ka lepo a i ʻole nā ʻano disinfectant-resistant. Inā hōʻike ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka microbial i nā koʻokoʻo Gram-negative, ua hele mai paha ke kumu o ka haumia mai ka wai a i ʻole kekahi ʻili pulu.
He mea pono loa ka ʻike ʻana i nā microbial i loko o ka lumi maʻemaʻe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea pili ia i nā ʻano he nui o ka hōʻoia maikaʻi, e like me nā bioassays i nā wahi hana; ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻike bacteria o nā huahana hope; nā meaola i kapa ʻole ʻia i nā huahana sterile a me ka wai; ka mana maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana mālama fermentation i ka ʻoihana biotechnology; a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo microbial i ka wā o ka hōʻoia. ʻO ke ʻano o ka FDA e hōʻoia ai e hiki i nā bacteria ke ola i loko o kahi ʻano kikoʻī e lilo i mea maʻamau. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pae haumia microbial ma mua o ka pae i kuhikuhi ʻia a i ʻole nā hopena hoʻāʻo sterility e hōʻike ana i ka haumia, pono e hōʻoia i ka pono o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā disinfection a hoʻopau i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumu haumia.
ʻElua mau ala no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻili kaiapuni lumi maʻemaʻe:
1. Nā papa hoʻopili
Aia i loko o kēia mau kīʻaha moʻomeheu kūikawā kahi mea ulu sterile, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lihi o ke kīʻaha. Uhi ka uhi pā hoʻopili i ka ʻili e laʻana ʻia, a ʻo nā microorganisms i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili e pipili i ka ʻili agar a hoʻomoe. Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hōʻike i ka helu o nā microorganisms i ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻili.
2. Ke ʻAno Swab
He sterile kēia a mālama ʻia i loko o kahi wai sterile kūpono. Hoʻopili ʻia ka swab ma ka ʻili hoʻāʻo a ʻike ʻia ka microorganism ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka swab i loko o ka medium. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā swabs ma nā ʻili like ʻole a i ʻole ma nā wahi paʻakikī ke laʻana me kahi pā hoʻopili. ʻOi aku ka hoʻāʻo qualitative o ka swab sampling.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-21-2024