ELIMA NUI NO KA RUMI MAEMAE

Ma keʻano he kaiapuni i hoʻomalu nuiʻia, hoʻohana nuiʻia nā lumi maʻemaʻe ma nāʻanoʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i nā lumi maʻemaʻe nā koi koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāpana kaiapuni e like me ka maʻemaʻe o ka ea, ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ea. Ma ka hoʻolako ʻana i kahi kaiapuni maʻemaʻe loa, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana o nā huahana, hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka pollution a me nā hemahema, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā lumi maʻemaʻe ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā pono a me nā kūlana kūikawā e hoʻokō i nā koi maʻemaʻe. Eia nā ʻāpana noi nui ʻelima o nā lumi maʻemaʻe.

ʻOihana uila

ʻO ka hana semiconductor kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona noi nui o nā lumi maʻemaʻe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana chip, e like me ka photolithography, etching, a me ka hoʻopaʻa kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi, he koi kiʻekiʻe loa no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaiapuni. Hiki i nā ʻāpana lepo liʻiliʻi ke kumu i nā pōkiʻi pōkole a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia hana ʻē aʻe i nā chips. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana i nā chips me ke kaʻina hana o 28 nanometers a ma lalo, pono e lawe ʻia i loko o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe o ka pae ISO 3-ISO 4 e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka chip. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā hōʻike aniani wai (LCD) a me nā hōʻike diode māmā māmā (OLED) mai nā lumi maʻemaʻe. I ke kaʻina hana o kēia mau hōʻikeʻike, e like me ka infusion kristal wai a me ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe, kōkua kahi kaiapuni maʻemaʻe i ka pale ʻana i nā hemahema e like me nā pika make a me nā wahi ʻālohilohi ma ka pale.

Biomedicine

ʻO kaʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea hoʻohana nui i nā lumi maʻemaʻe. Inā ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau kemika a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau olaola, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā loulou āpau mai ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā mea maka a hiki i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau sterile, e like me nā injections a me nā hoʻomākaukau ophthalmic, pono ka mana koʻikoʻi o nā microorganisms a me nā ʻāpana. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau implantable a me nā mea ʻokiʻoki, i loko o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe e hōʻoia ai i ka sterility a me ka palaka-free contamination o nā mea hana, a laila e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o nā maʻi. ʻO nā keʻena hana o ka haukapila, nā ʻāpana mālama kino (ICU), nā keʻena sterile, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka ʻāpana o nā lumi maʻemaʻe e pale ai i ka maʻi maʻi.

Aerospace

Pono ka hana pololei a me ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana aerospace i kahi lumi lumi maʻemaʻe. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana i nā pahi ʻenekini mokulele, hiki i nā mea haumia liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻili o ka lau, a laila e hoʻopilikia i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka mīkini. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hui ʻana o nā mea uila a me nā mea hana optical i loko o kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe e hiki ai i nā mea hana ke hana maʻamau i loko o ke kaiapuni o ka lewa.

ʻOihana Meaʻai

No kekahi mau meaʻai hoʻohui waiwai nui, palaho, e like me nā meaʻai pēpē a me nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo, kōkua ka ʻenehana lumi maʻemaʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka huahana a mālama i ka palekana o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā keʻena maʻemaʻe i loko o ka ʻeke meaʻai hiki ke pale i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka microbial a mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka mīkini pololei a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana Optical

I ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini kikoʻī, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe wati kiʻekiʻe a me nā bearings kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā lumi maʻemaʻe ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka lepo ma nā ʻāpana kikoʻī a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka huahana a me ke ola lawelawe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana a me ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻike maka, e like me nā lens lithography a me nā lens telescope astronomical, hiki ke pale i ka ʻōpala, ka lua a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili o ka lens ma kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe e hōʻoia i ka hana optical.