Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lumi maʻemaʻe?

He aha ka lumi maʻemaʻe?

ʻO kahi lumi maʻemaʻe e pili ana i kahi lumi kahi e kāohi ʻia ai ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa. ʻO kona kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e hōʻemi i nā ʻāpana i hoʻoulu ʻia, hana ʻia, a mālama ʻia i loko. ʻO nā palena ʻē aʻe o loko e like me ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ke kaomi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kāohi ʻia e like me nā koi e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe a me ke kūlike o ke kaiapuni.

Ka pilina ma waena o nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole

Pili ʻo ISO 4 i ka papa 10

Pili ʻo ISO 5 i ka papa 100

Pili ʻo ISO 6 i ka papa 1000

Pili ʻo ISO 7 i ka papa 10000

Pili ʻo ISO 8 i ka papa 100000

Pili ka Papa A i ka maʻemaʻe ISO 5 a ʻoi aku paha

Pili ka Papa B i ka maʻemaʻe ISO 6 a ʻoi aku paha

Pili ka Papa C i ka ISO 7 a ʻoi aku paha ka maʻemaʻe

Pili ka Papa D i ka maʻemaʻe ISO 8 a ʻoi aku paha

Nā koi pae maʻemaʻe maʻamau o ka ʻoihana

Lumi maʻemaʻe optoelectronic

He koʻikoʻi loa nā koi o ka lumi maʻemaʻe optoelectronic no ka maʻemaʻe no ka mea hiki i ka lepo liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea haumia kemika ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana o ka huahana, ka hua, a me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono kahi pae maʻemaʻe o ISO 6 a ʻoi aku paha.

Lumi maʻemaʻe biopharmaceutical

Nā Biopharmaceuticals: ʻO ka lumi maʻemaʻe biopharmaceutical e koi pinepine i kahi pae maʻemaʻe o ISO 5 a ʻoi aku paha e pale aku i nā microbial a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​laʻana hoʻokolohua.

Lumi maʻemaʻe semiconductor

ʻO ka lumi maʻemaʻe semiconductor kekahi o nā ʻoihana me nā koi koʻikoʻi loa no ka maʻemaʻe, a he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā lumi maʻemaʻe o kāna kaʻina hana, e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i ka hua huahana no ka mea hiki i nā ʻāpana lepo liʻiliʻi ke hōʻino i nā microcircuits. ʻO ka maʻamau, koi ia i kahi pae maʻemaʻe o ISO 3 a ʻoi aku paha.

Lumi maʻemaʻe ikehu hou

ʻOkoʻa loa nā koi no ka maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana ikehu hou (e like me nā pila lithium, ka ikehu hydrogen, photovoltaics, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma muli o nā kahua kikoʻī a me nā pae hana. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono ka pae maʻemaʻe o ISO 8 a ʻoi aku paha.